枇杷留枝量对其结果母枝的形成及产量的影响

Role of Branch Quantities on the Formation of the Fruiting Branch of Loquat

对蒙自3个主栽枇杷品种：大五星、长虹三号、解放钟的春梢留枝量与其结果母枝形成的质量进行了动态观察,结果表明：春梢的留枝量与其结果母枝的形成有密切关系,当春梢留枝量为100%时,长势明显受限,枝条细弱,形成结果母枝质量差;当春梢留枝量为40%到50%时,长势整齐,枝条健康,最有利于形成粗而壮的结果母枝;当春梢留枝量为10%～20%时,营养生长旺盛,抑制了生殖生长,不利于花芽分化。当留枝量为40%～50%时,结果母枝的长度和周长都显著高于留枝量为100%和10%～20%;当留枝量为10%～20%时,结果母枝的长度和周长显著高于留枝量为100%。同时,通过后续的观察,发现留枝量为40%～50%时,无论是从单果重,还是从株产都明显高于留枝量为100%和10%～20%。

In this study, the spring shoots and the quality of fruiting branch on three important loquat species were observed, including Changhong No. 3, Jiefangzhong and Dawuxing. The results indicated that the quantity of spring shoots could affect the formation of fruiting branch of loquat. The phenomenon appeared when all the spring shoots were reserved, for example, weaker branch, bad quality of the fruiting branch. The quantity was reserved up to 40% to 50% of the total spring shoots; it was benefit for the formation of fruiting branch, which was wide and strong, moreover, the same characters showed in the other branches. When holding 10% to 20% of the total spring shoots, vegetative growing was strong, then the reproductive growth was stimulated; however, the vegetative growth was inhibited, which had a negative effect on flower bud differentiation. When the quantity was reserved up to 40% to 50% of the total spring shoots, the length and perimeter of the fruiting branch were the best of all; when the quantity was reserved up to 10% t to 20% of the total spring shoots, the length and perimeter of the fruiting branch were better than that was reserved up to 10% to 20 % of the total spring shoots. At the same time, through follow-up observation, whatever from the single fruit weight or from the strains producing, the reserved up to 40% to 50% of the total spring shoots was the best way.