接种微生物条件下牛粪+麦秸堆腐过程有机组分的动态变化

Dynamics of Organic Fractions of Cow Manure Plus Wheat Straw During Decomposition with Microbial Inoculation

大量排放的畜禽粪便若利用不当则会对环境构成威胁,经微生物发酵、制成高效有机肥料是粪肥与秸秆综合利用的一种重要方式。试验以牛粪添加不同比例的小麦秸秆为原料,在接种和非接种微生物的条件下进行堆腐,研究了腐解过程有机组分及腐殖物质的动态变化。结果表明,随着腐解进行,乙醇溶性组分含量逐渐降低;水溶性组分含量先升高再降低;半纤维素和纤维素含量随腐解进行呈现一定波动,但总体呈降低趋势;木质素含量呈增加趋势;全碳含量降低,腐殖物质碳占全碳的比例逐渐增加,H/F比值逐渐升高。秸秆的加入比例越高越有利于木质素的积累,牛粪所占比例越大则越有利于腐殖物质的形成。接种微生物可促进有机物料中各有机组分的分解,并有利于腐殖物质的形成。

More than 4 billion tons of livestock and poultry manure were discharged annually at present in China which has became a serious threat to the environment. The production of organic fertilizer through composting of the manure in the present of straw is an effective method for handling livestock waste. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the organic fractions in cow manure-wheat straw compost during decomposition with and without microbial inoculation. The experiment included three ratios of cow manure to wheat straw： 100：0, 75：25, and 50：50. These mixtures were inoculated with efficient cellulose-lignin degrading bacteria, and uninoculated samples were used as control. The decomposition lasted 28 days. The results showed that the concentration of the alcohol soluble fraction decreased gradually during decomposition, whereas the concentration of the water soluble fraction increased during the first 14 days and then decreased. Semi-cellulose and cellulose concentrations fluctuated but decreased slightly across time, whereas the lignin concentrations increased. There was a drop in the concentration of total organic carbon （TOC） and a rise in the humic substance carbon to TOC ratio. The humic acid to fulvic acid （H： F） ratio increased across time, but it was always less than 1.0, suggesting that fulvic acid was more than humie acid during humification process. Addition of wheat straw to manure increased the accumulation of lignin, and a high proportion of cow manure in the mixture was beneficial to the formation of humic substances; inoculation with microorganism resulted in faster decomposition of organic fractions and more formation of humic substances.