工程师短缺抑或缺少其他——一个行动者网络视角的透视

Is There a Shortage of Engineers or of Others:A Perspective from Actor Network Theory

我国工程教育发展史映射了工业化进程。在我国工程教育中,存在着培养目标不清、政府政策导向不明、工科院校培养模式失衡和企业角色缺位等问题。在借用行动者网络理论分析框架对这些问题进行检讨的基础上,指出了重构我国工程教育行动者网络的必要性。我国工程教育的培养目标应定位于培养工业化发展过程中需要的工程师,政府在这一网络重构过程中发挥主导作用,引导工科院校建立多层次、多规格的人才培养体系。政府应加大投入,改善工科院校办学条件。利用减免税等政策工具,吸引企业积极参与网络构建;通过实施认证制度和激励手段,规范工科院校和企业的行为。

The history of engineering education in China reflects the process of industrialization of China. Currently, such problems are faced by engineering education in China as the training objectives are unclear, the guidance of government policy is ineffective, the cultivation modes in engineering colleges and universities are unbalance and enterprises are absent in engineering education. From the perspective of actor network theory, the author argues that it is necessary to reconfigure the engineering education in China, and the objective of engineer- ing education should focus on cultivating engineers who can satisfy the need of industrialization of China. In do- ing so, the government should supervise engineering colleges and universities to establish an effective training system with multi-hierarchy and multi-standards, increase investment to create favorable conditions of training, utilize such policy tools as tax relief to encourage enterprises to participate in the network, and implement the accreditation system and relevant measures to regulate the behavior of the engineering colleges and universities as well as enterprises.