上海地区河岸带结构:类型、分布及改进

Riparian structure in Shanghai:Types,distribution and improvement

以河段为调查单元,选取上海地区的222个河段,分别对河道特征、护岸类型、河岸带绿化及周边土地利用状况进行了分析研究,研究了河岸带结构类型与其在不同地区的分布情况,发现有4种类型的河岸挡墙结构,即单级挡墙的结构(D型),两级挡墙的结构(S型),特殊结构型(T型)和自然或近自然结构(W型)。老城区的河岸带类型多样,但是使用比例不一,以D型挡墙为主,占76.2%,其次为S型与T型挡墙,均占10%左右;W型挡墙基本不使用。新城区河岸带结构与老城区相似,但W型挡墙的比例较老城区有所增加,占16%;郊区河岸带结构以D型挡墙为主,占53.5%;S型与W型挡墙略低,分别为13.3%和33.4%;农村地区河岸带结构以W型挡墙为主,占86.5%;D型挡墙也有使用,但仅占13.5%。结果表明:不同城市化水平会对河岸带结构与分布产生影响,城市化水平较高的地区如老城区主要使用D型挡墙;城市化水平较低的地方如农村地区主要使用W型挡墙;新城区、郊区的城市化水平介于以上两者,各类型均有使用,呈现多样化特征。

Considering stream segments as the survey elements, 222 segments were selected in the Shanghai.Characteristics such as the river pattern,the bank protection,the green belt and the surrounding land-use situation were analyzed.The type of riparian zone structure and its distribution in different urbanization regions were studied.There existed four types of bank protection in the Shanghai area： the single-stage retaining wall type（D-type）,the two-stage retaining wall type （S-type）,the special structure type （T-type）, and the natural or near-natural structure type （W- type）. It was found that all four wall types were used in old town areas with different proportions. The D-type wall was the main form, accounting for 76.2 %, followed by the S-type wall and the T-type wall which accgunted for about （10%）. The The W-type wall was hardly used. In new town areas, the riparian zone structure was similar to that of the old town areas, but the proportion of W-type walls was more than that in old town areas, accounting for 16%. The D- type wall was the dominant form in the suburb areas, accounting for 53.5 %, and the proportions of S-type and W-type walls were slightly lower, accounting for 13.3% and 33.4%, respectively. As for riparian zone structure in rural areas, the W-type wall was dominant, accounting for 86.5%, and the D-type wall was only 13.5 %. The results show that the urbanization level affects the riparian zone structure and distribution. The D-type wall was the main form in the areas with higher urbanization levels, and the W-type wall was the main form in rural areas with lower urbanization levels. The urbanization level of the new town areas and the suburb areas was between the two mentioned, above. Various wall types were used with diverse characteristics.