基于语料库的汉语成语原型语法功能分析

A Corpus-based Analysis of the Prototype-based Grammatical Functions of Chinese Idioms

以往对汉语成语的研究多集中在成语的出处、文化和含义等方面,但是留学生并不知道该如何正确地使用成语。针对这种情况,本文利用现代汉语语料库对《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》[1]中成语的语法功能进行了分析,将其功能按照原型理论分成6类:定语性成语、状语性成语、宾语性成语、谓语性成语、补语性成语和插入性成语。本文细致分析了每类成语的特点,并讨论了上述研究成果在对外汉语教学中的应用。

The previous research on Chinese idioms mostly focused on their derivation,culture and meanings,but the foreign students still didn＇t know how to use the idioms correctly. Aiming at this problem,the present paper analyses grammatical functions of the idioms listed in The Outline of the Graded Vocabulary and Chinese Character for HSK on the basis of the modern Chinese corpus,and then classifies the idoms into six categories according to the prototype theory,which include attribute idioms,adverbial idioms,object idioms,predicate idioms,complement idioms and parenthesis idioms. In addition,this paper also puts forward relevant suggestions on teaching Chinese as a foreign language accordingly.