关于“会话含义”的两点探讨

On Grice's Conversational Implicature

(1)根据格赖斯自己的表述,说话人应该自觉遵循会话的"合作原则"。但是从自觉遵循的角度,他提出的检验"准则"都难以经受检验。事实上"合作原则"是"设定遵循"的,即语篇都假定为遵循"合作原则"的。从"设定遵循"的角度,他提出的"准则"能够适用。(2)所谓的"一般会话含义",与词义的"实现"和词义在"用意"作用下的理解重叠,因此可能是不需要的。以冠词、数词和表示程度或等级的词为例予以说明。

（1）According to Grice＇s own definition,speaker has to consciously adhere to the ＂maxims＂ to make his conversational contributions cooperative. However,his ＂maxims＂ are hardly applicable from a view of conscious adherence. Actually,conversational contributions are presumed to be cooperative. From this point of view,we can see how the ＂maxims＂ may be useful in explaining the appearance of conversational implicatures. （2）The so-called ＂generalized conversational implicature＂ may not be necessary as it coincides with the concept of ＂realization of word meaning＂. This view is illustrated by the use of articles,numerals and words that may be considered implying each other.