现代汉语受事宾语句中配项的匹配规律研究

On Rules of Item Pairing in Modern Chinese Patient Object Clauses

本文系统分析了汉语受事宾语句中配项的匹配规律。配项匹配类型方面,各类配项之间的匹配情况可用"适配度"序列表示。配项匹配数量方面,无施事匹配句中单配项匹配式明显多于双配项匹配式,单配项以处所最常见;双配项匹配式处所必现;三配项及三配项以上匹配式中,施事必现,且必须是高生命度名词。一些句式排斥一些配项匹配和限制匹配数量。"一句一例"原则制约了配项匹配类型,而句式压模功能限制了配项数量。不同语体中配项"适配度"和最优选匹配式也有差别。

The article systematically analyses rules and mechanism of item pairing in modern Chinese patient object clauses. The collocation degree sequence is adopted to indicate the different item pairing types. In terms of item pairing numbers,one-item sentences are apparently more than double-item sentences in non-agent sentences. The item indicating place is the most common type in one-item sentences,and the item indicating place is indispensable in non-agent double-item sentences. The agent must be a noun with the high degree of animacy in three and more items sentences. Some sentence patterns repel certain item pairing and limit the item pairing numbers. ＂One Case One NP＂ principle confines item pairing types and ＂Sentence constraining mode＂ function confines the pairing numbers. The item collocation degree and the prior pairing sequences in different writing style are quite different.