“与其p,宁可q”格式的逻辑基础及语义内涵

The Logical Foundation and Semantic Connotation of yuqi p,ningke q(与其p,宁可q) Construction

本文从汉语史、逻辑基础和语义内涵三个方面讨论"与其p,宁可q"句式存在的合理性。一、从汉语史的角度来看,"与其p,宁q"很早就已经出现了,"宁可、宁愿、宁肯"等词是在双音化的趋势下,愿词"宁"和意愿类词"可、愿、肯"等易同义并列成分结合而成的;二、从逻辑语义来看,p代表劣项/弃项,q代表优项/择项,它们各有分工,所以这种格式的存在是有其逻辑语义基础的;三、从其语义内涵来看,"与其p,宁可q"跟"宁可p,也不q"、"与其p,不如q"不同,格式呈现出"比较兼选择"的语义特点。

This paper discusses the rationality of yuqi p,ningke q construction from three aspects：its historical development,its logical foundation and semantic connotation.Firstly,the yuqi p,ningke qconstruction appeared long ago. With the tendency of bisyllablization,the phrases such as ningke（宁可）,ningyuan（宁愿）,ningken（宁肯）are formed by the combination of willingness word ning（宁） and words ke（可）,yuan（愿）,ken（肯）. Secondly,from its logical meaning,＂p＂ represents inferior proposition,and ＂q＂ stands for prior proposition. Both of them have their own meanings,so this construction has its logical foundation. Thirdly,in terms of the semantic connotation,this construction,which is different from the constructions ningke p,yebu（也不） q and yuqi p,buru（不如） q presents its semantic feature of ＂comparison and selection＂.