汉语空间关系简单句命题表征项目顺序特点

The Characteristics of Item Order of Propositional Representation in Simple Sentences about Spatial Relationship in Chinese

采用Klaus和Oliver(2000)的句子-图画验证任务探讨了汉语空间关系简单句命题表征项目顺序特点。包括3个实验。实验1探讨了项目同质条件下的汉语空间关系简单句命题表征项目顺序特点,结果表明,句子两项目均为几何图形、具体物体和生命体时,命题表征项目顺序均为"方位短语中的名词→单独的名词"。实验2探讨了项目异质条件下的汉语空间关系简单句命题表征项目顺序特点,结果表明,两项目为具体物体和几何图形的空间关系简单句命题表征项目顺序为"具体物体→几何图形";两项目为生命体和非生命体的空间关系简单句命题表征项目顺序为"生命体→非生命体"。实验3探讨了语义内容为经验常识的汉语空间关系简单句命题表征项目顺序特点,结果表明,该类句子的命题表征项目没有一定顺序,表现出随机性。本研究结果表明,读者在阅读空间关系简单句所进行的可能是一个按照"参考物→目标物"的固定方向进行的系列认知加工。本研究结果支持Logan的"参考物-目标物观"。

This paper discusses the characteristics of item order of propositional representation in simple sentences about spatial relationship in Chinese by using the sentence-picture verification task （Klaus and Oliver,2000）.Three experiments are carried out in the present study.In experiment 1,we explore the characteristics on the condition of homogeneous items.It shows that when both of the two items in the sentence are geometric figures,concrete objects or lives,the item order is always ＂nouns in locative phrases→single nouns＂.In experiment 2,we probe the characteristics of item order on the condition of heterogeneous items.It shows that when both of the two items are geometric figures and concrete objects,the item order is ＂concrete objects→geometric figures＂.The order of the two items which are respectively lives and objects without lives of the propositional representation is ＂lives→objects without lives＂. In experiment 3,we discuss the characteristics of item order when the semantic content is experiential common sense.It concludes that the items of propositional representation in such sentences don＇t have definite directions and orders.They are stochastic.From the results of these experiments,it can be inferred that the readers may go through a series of cognitive process according to a determinate direction of ＂reference objects→target objects＂. The study supports the viewpoint of Logan.