多数暴政与集体教育——托克维尔多数暴政思想的教育思考

Majority Tyranny and Collective Education——Reflection on Tocqueville's Major Tyranny Thought in the Perspective of Education

在集体中、通过集体和为了集体的集体教育,是我们惯常采用的教育方式。但"为了集体"的目的设定、"通过集体"的方式选择及其"在集体中"的状态维持,并不总是能产生教育者期望的理想教育效果。集体多数既有维护民主促进正义的一面,也有导致专制走向暴政的一面,集体教育理想教育效果的取得,需要目的设定正当给个体以终极关怀、方式选择适当给个体以现实关注和状态维持恰当给个体以权益关切等的共同作用。

The collective education,which carried out in the collective,through the collective and for the collective,is the mode of education we commonly apply. However, the ideal effect of education expected by the educator can not be always achieved through the aim setting, the mode choosing and the state maintaining in the collective. Only the joint function of the right aim setting to show the ultimate concern over the individuals, the appropriate mode choosing to pay realistic attention to them , and proper state maintaining to concern for the rights and interests of them can the ideal effect of education be produced as the collective in most cases safeguards the democracy and promotes justice, autocrary and tyranny occuring sometimes in the collective.