孙中山民生思想中的资产权属理念

The Concept of Asset Ownership of Sun Yat-sen

作为具有"社会主义"倾向的政治家和思想家,孙中山曾极力宣传"土地国有"、"节制资本",对私有制度多有微词,以至不少学者认为他是要废除土地私有制,并以国有资本为主构建现代企业制度。但孙中山对"平均地权"与"土地国有"所作范围限制以及他对私人资本与国家资本所作权重设置并不支持这类见解,而倾向于支持系以私有制为主的认知。孙中山的政治理想是西方式的自由民主制度,其民生思想中的资产权属理念与其政制选择是同构的。然而由于孙中山对自己思想主张的实用主义表达,加之政治实践及研究中存在的实用主义倾向,其思想的概念边界变得模糊,对其思想主张的理解也意见歧出。

Having a bias toward socialism, Sun Yat-sen had been strongly promoting ＂state land＂, ＂moderate capital＂ and having some criticism of the private system, so that many scholars believe that he is to abolish private ownership of land and to build a modern enterprise system by mainly state-owned capital. However, Sun＇s limiting of the ＂equalization of landownership ＂ and ＂state land＂, as well as his settings of private capital and national capital do not support such opinion, but tending to support the opinion based mainly on private ownership. Sun＇s political ideal is a Western-style liberal democracy, his concept of ownership and the choose of political system are isomorphic. Due to Sun Yat-sen＇s pragmatism to express his own views, in addition to the same tendency in political practice and research, his ideological boundaries became blurred, and the understanding of his thought becomes different.