论近代英国政党政治的兴起

On the Rise of Party Politics in Modern Britain

英国是世界上最早确立政党政治的国家。英国政党政治兴起的前提,在于复辟王朝时期英国就诞生了辉格党与托利党这两大政党。1689～1714年间,随着王权的衰落及议会主权地位的上升,政党政府组建起来,近代英国的政党政治随之兴起。不过,此间政党政治仍然与宗派之间的利益争斗交织在一起,而衰落中的王权在很多时候也成为政党发挥作用的障碍,模糊性与复杂性由此成为早期英国政党政治的重要特征。

Britain was the first country where party politics originated. The appearance of Whig and Tory during Restoration Dynasty was the precondition to the rise of party politics. From 1689 to 1714, with the fall of royal power and the rise of power of the parliament, party governments established and finally party politics emerged. However, party politics of that time was interlaced with the struggles of political groups, the royal power in decline always became the obstacle to the operation of parties. Therefore,obscurity and complexity were characteristic of British party politics in its early period.