摘要
人类的物质需求很大程度上是一种能量需求。工业革命拓宽人类改造和利用能量的范围,人类从利用生物能源跃进到利用矿物能源。英国在18世纪靠大批开发煤炭这种能源储备摆脱了木材短缺的困境,煤炭的利用使生产过程所消费的能源越来越多,煤这种黑色物品的利用使人类可能开发此前积累的丰富资源,彻底地改变了世界,资本主义的胜利是由煤和铁决定的。新的能源使人类在经济发展即将崩溃的时候走出困境,但新的增长极限却又如影随形而至。
The material demand of human beings is essentially a kind of energy demand. As the Industrial Revolution expanded the scope of energy utilization and exploitation, human beings realized a great leap-forward from utilization of biological energy to exploitation of mineral energy. In the 18th century when Great Britain was able to overcome the shortage of timber supply by the exploitation of coal resources,it means that more and more energy was consumed in the process of production. The utilization of coal enabled human beings to develop the rich resources deposited through his- tory, and thus the world was totally changed. In a sense, the victory of capitalism was determined by coal and iron. The new resource had helped human being out of the plight of economic collapse,but the shadow of growth limits cannot be easily dispersed.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第11期118-124,共7页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
英国
工业革命
能源
煤炭
Britain
Industrial Revolution
energy
coal
