贸易开放与发展中国家收入差距扩大——基于中国的理论与实证分析

Trade Openness and the Widening Income Disparities in Developing Countries:Evidence from China

文章将人力资本结构因素纳入到贸易开放与发展中国家内部收入差距关系的分析框架之中,通过理论推理和实证检验考察了贸易开放、人力资本结构对发展中国家收入差距扩大的影响机制、条件与力度。研究表明,贸易开放对发展中国家收入差距扩大的影响不但与其所带来的技术进步类型有关,还与该国的产业发展战略和人力资本(人才供给)结构密切相关。就我国而言,人力资本结构升级速度慢于贸易产品结构升级速度,是贸易尤其是出口导致收入差距扩大的重要条件。

The paper introduces human capital structural into the analytical framework of the relationship between trade openness and domestic income disparities in developing countries. Through the theoretical derivation and empirical test, it studies the impact of trade openness and human capital structure on the widening income disparities in developing countries. It states that the impact of trade openness in developing countries on its income disparity not only depends on the type of technological progress brought by trade openness, but also is closely related to the industrial development strategies and human capital （talent supply） structure. For China, the widening income disparity caused by international trade, especially by the export, mainly rely on the fact that the upgrading speed of human capital structure is more slowly than the one of trade products structure.