自由与控制:俄罗斯近代高等教育的双重变奏

Freedom and control:the dual variation of Russia higher education

俄罗斯自中世纪以来形成了与西欧不同的教育传统,但在彼得一世后俄罗斯极力学习西欧的高等教育思想和制度,由此种下俄罗斯近代高等教育内在冲突的根源。而西化的高等教育及其所培养的独特的俄罗斯知识分子又深深地卷入社会政治活动,并反对专制统治,使得沙皇政府在发展高等教育时左右摇摆,由此演出了俄罗斯近代高等教育在改革与反动、自由与控制、学术与政治之间的双重变奏。

Russia had formed its own educational tradition rather different from that of the west Europe since the Middle Ages, however, Peter the Great and his followers made great efforts to learn ideas and institutions of higher education from the west Europe, hence it laid down the root of internal conflict of Russian higher education in modern times. However, the higher education of westernization and the unique Russia intellectuals cultivated by it are involved deeply in social and political movements against despotism, making the Czar government blows hot and cold, thus making Russian higher education take on a kind of dual variation state in modern times： reform and reaction, freedom and control, academy and politics.