非正常状态下三大件转向架重车蛇行失稳原因与仿真

Instability Cause Analysis and Simulation on Loaded Freight Car with Three-Piece Bogie under Abnormal Conditions

随着高速重载货物运输的发展,为减少轮轨作用力,提高车辆稳定性,一些三大件货车转向架在轴箱处采用了柔性橡胶垫悬挂方式。一般情况下,空车由于自重轻,抗菱刚度小,提速后容易发生脱轨。而重车挠度大,抗菱刚度强,脱轨现象很少发生。但在某些非正常状态下,也会发生重车失稳现象。通过试验分析和动力学仿真表明:如果三大件转向架中央悬挂斜楔摩擦副材料的摩擦阻力过大、或材料粘连引起沟槽及斜楔卡滞,运行中会产生重车蛇行失稳。因此,选用趋向自锁角度和高摩擦系数的斜楔时,应全面考虑这种失效可能,并应在斜楔副检查维护和材料选用方面加强控制。

With the development of high-speed and heavy-haul transportation, rubber pads are applied on the axle box on some three-piece freight bogies in order to reduce the interactive force between wheel and rail and increase running stability. Generally speaking, Empty freight car is easier to derail than loaded car with increasing speed for less weight and anti -warp stiffness. However, under some abnormal condition, the instability condition can occur on loaded car. Test and dynamic simulations indicate that if the friction damping of the wedge pairs is too nmch higher, or the wedge pairs are blocked as the material is stuck in groove, the hunting and instability of loaded car will occurred even at lower speed. Consequently, the possibility of this kind of failure shall be considered carefully especially when the wedge with self-lock angle and high friction coefficient is adopted, meanwhile, the inspection and maintenance of wedge pairs and optional material control shall be emphasized.