泰安市大汶河流域居民恶性肿瘤死因调查

An investigation on the cause of death among residents with malignant tumors along Dawen River in Taian City

目的了解和掌握泰安市境内大汶河主干流域居民恶性肿瘤死亡现状及其分布特征。方法采用现况调查方法,对2002-2004年泰安市境内大汶河主干流域及对照区居民进行以恶性肿瘤为主的全死因回顾性调查。以国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)进行死因编码和根本死因推断,计算死亡率,死因构成等指标。结果共调查6个县(市、区)44个乡镇,其中研究区34个乡镇,年均人口为1 815 588人;对照区10个乡镇,年均人口358 472人。研究区恶性肿瘤年均标化死亡率为189.17/10万,对照区年均标化死亡率为162.63/10万,二者差异有统计学意义(U=5.81,P<0.001)。两区恶性肿瘤死亡居人群全死因顺位第2位,且以食管癌为其首位肿瘤死因。大汶河流域上游地区恶性肿瘤标化死亡率(148.12/10万)显著低于中下游地区(180.11/10万)(U=7.25,P<0.001)。结论恶性肿瘤、特别是食管癌是大汶河流域居民的主要死因,尤以中下游地区为最高。因此,今后应进一步开展相关因素研究,以采取预防措施,控制发病。

Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of tumor mortality of the citizens living along Dawen River in Taian City. Methods A retrospective investigation of cause of death was applied to investigate the residents died of malignant tumor in the fiver main trunk-stream areas of Dawen River and its control areas from 2002 to 2004. The cause of death was determined and coded based on ICD-10. The statistic indexes were calculated with mortality rate and its components. Results Forty-four townships including 34 study areas and 10 control areas were investigated in 6 counties of the main trunk- stream areas of the Dawen River. The yearly average population were 1 815 588 and standardized mortality rate of malignant tumors was 189. 17 per 100 000 population among residents in study areas, and 162. 63 per 100 000 population among residents in control areas within the population of 358 472. Significant difference was discerned among the two groups （ U = 5.81, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The mortality of malignant tumors with the first rank of esophageal cancer was the second among all death causes in both areas. The yearly standardized mortality rate among residents in the upriver areas （148. 12 per 100 000 population） was significantly lower than that in the mid-river and downriver areas （ 180. 11 per 100 000 population） （ U = 7. 25, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion The mortality rate of malignant tumors especially esophageal cancer among residents in the main trunk-stream areas of Dawen River is higher, especially in the mid-river and downriver areas. Further research should be carried out to take appropriate measures for the control of malignant tumors.