枣庄市2004-2008年麻疹流行病学分析及控制策略

Analysis of measles epidemiology and control strategy in Zaozhuang City during 2004-2008

目的分析枣庄市2004-2008年全市麻疹流行病学特征,为调整防控策略,实现消除麻疹目标提供科学依据。方法对2004-2008年全市麻疹发病、接种情况进行分析,结合实际提出控制策略。结果全市5年共报告麻疹1 626例,本地户口1 604例,年平均发病率9.02/10万,病例分布广泛,2～4月份为麻疹高发季节。麻疹发病有向两极发展的趋势,0～8月龄和>15岁儿童发病率分别占总发病的21.89%、19.99%。对免疫史的分析表明,1 626例麻疹病例中,有免疫史的仅为17.28%,无免疫史和免疫史不详的分别占57.01%、25.71%。结论枣庄市麻疹发病呈上升趋势,加强麻疹疫情监测,消除免疫空白区,提高麻疹疫苗接种率,适时在重点地区开展强化免疫是消除麻疹的重要措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiologieal characteristics of the measles in Zaozhuang city from 2004 to 2008, so as to provide a scientific basis to adjust the prevention and control strategy and to eliminate measles. Methods The incidence and vaccination of measles were analyzed to a propose control strategy in light of tile factual cases. Results It was reported a total of 1626 cases of measles in the past 5 years in the city, 1 604 of which were local people. The average annual incidence rate was 9. 02 per 10, 000 population. Cases were widely distributed. The prevalent season was from February to April. The incidence of measles tends to be polarized. Children between 0 - 8 months old and older than 15 years old were at in higher risk than before, accounting for 21.89% and 19.99% of the total cases. The analysis of vaccination history showed that only 17. 28% of the total measles cases were immunized, while 57. 01% were not immunized and 25. 71% without vaccination records. Conclusion The incidence rate of the measles in Zaozhuang is increasing. The important measures to eliminate measles are to enhance the monitoring of measles, eliminate the immune blank zone, improve the coverage of measles vaccine and carry out and strengthen immunization timely in key areas.