从后现代哲学的人本观看语言象似性——语言学研究新增长点之六:象似性的哲学基础与教学应用

On Linguistic Iconicity from the Viewpoint of Humanism in Postmodernist Philosophy ——The 6th Paper on Language Embodiment:Theoretical Significance & Language Teaching of Iconicity

语言与哲学密切相关,不同时期的哲学理论都直接影响着语言研究的发展方向,特别是后现代哲学所强调的人本主义,为文学和翻译研究开辟了一片新天地,而语言学则深受结构主义和TG理论的影响,对其反应略显迟缓。认知语言学(CL)正是在这样一个时代背景下应运而生的。它坚决认为语言是在人的体验和认知作用下形成的,必须依据"现实?认知?语言"的人本性原理来研究。CL致力于寻求语言表达背后的人性化认知机制,在此理论框架中必然要得出"语言体验性"和"语言象似性"的论断。语言基于互动体验和认知加工而形成,语言表达象似于人的认知方式,也在其作用下在某方面和某程度上象似于现实世界,这充分体现了后现代哲学的人本主义精神。本文主张以此为基础深入分析语言表达之所以然的原因和机制,特别是象似性机制,这不仅是后现代人本观的一个发展,也为理论语言学开辟新空间,同时对应用语言学也具有直接的指导意义。

Language and philosophy are closely related, and the latter at different periods has had direct influence on the former, especially humanism proposed by post-modernism has opened a new area for literature and translation studies, but not for linguistics, because most linguists have been dominated by structuralism and TG. CL has come into stage at this critical time, maintaining that language is formed under human embodiment and cognition, thus language should be studied via the principle of ＂Reality - Cognition-Language＂. Cognitive Linguists are devoted themselves to finding out the cognitive mechanism behind language facts, which will eventually lead to the conclusion that language is of embodiment and iconicity, i.e. language is shaped by our interactive experience and cognitive processing, and it is iconic with cognitive strategies, and with reality in certain aspects to certain degrees under human cognition. This idea is obviously the reflection of humanism by post-modernism. The analysis of iconicity under embodied cognition and humanism in the framework of postmodernism will not only be one of the developments of humanism, but will also be a new area for theoretical linguistics, and of significance to applied linguistics.