俄语代词系统的语用建构

Pragmatic reconstruction of Russian pronouns

代词作为独特的词汇-语法类别,产生伊始其内在统一性就引起置疑。传统上有两种代词分类法:语法和语义分类。前者以语法范畴为主要分类依据,后者流行于学校语法中。本文从语用出发,以代词的指示功能为标准,划分俄语代词系统:核心代词指示语/纯代词指示语、篇章代词指示语/代词照应语和概念范畴代词指示语。代词的语用分类突出说话人在言语中的作用,体现言语的主观性特征。按照这种分类法,代词在说话人视野中指示由具体到抽象的各种事物和特征。根据说话人的认知程度,运用不同代词指示语,由实物指示到范畴概括指示,逐渐离散,代词的内在统一性体现在不同认知层次上。

There is a doubt on the innate unity of the pronouns in the perspective of its grammatical category from the very beginning. Traditionally, there are following two categories of the proud, in its grammatical and the semantic sense separately. The former category was represented by the academic scholars and the latter was well-accepted by the practical school teachers. Basing on the deixis function of the pronoun, the author classifies the Russian pronouns in to the core deictic pronouns and the context anaphor pronouns （ anaphor pronouns） in the aspectual of its practical sense. Such categories can also be named as the pure deictic pronouns and instructive pronoun or generalized instructive pronouns respectively. The above pragmatically classification highlights the role of the speaker in the parole, emphasizing the dominance of the subject. According to the above classification, the deixis function of pronoun ranges from the concrete to abstract, from specific to generalized and the like, which reveals the innate unity of the pronouns.