戊戌思潮:中国三大现代性思潮的共同源头

On the Ideological Trend of 1898 as the Shared Headwaters of China's Three Modern Ideological Trends

戊戌思潮开启了以移植现代性价值理念、建立现代文艺学术为重点内容的中国思想文化学术现代性的早期探索。它对中国人文现代性的发轫、生成有着重要的引导与牵引作用,是被称为中国三大现代性思潮的自由主义、激进主义与保守主义的共同的思想源头。自由主义是西方现代性的核心与主流,自由主义被启蒙思想先驱们有意识地介绍与移植到中国并进行引申解读始于110年前的维新运动。文化保守主义、激进主义从两种视角对西方现代性进行检讨与批评:一种是从传统的角度,站在保守主义的立场上,以传统文化的"均富"、"人伦"与道德理想主义,凸显西方现代性的贫富悬殊、人情冷漠与人性异化;另一种是西方文化内部发展而来的自由主义现代性的批评者,他们从社会主义、激进主义、后现代的立场提出批判与修正。近代中国的自由主义现代性、文化保守主义、激进主义三大思潮均起源发端于戊戌思潮。

The ideological trend in the Hundred Days＇ Reform of 1898 opened the door to the early quests for China＇s intellectual, academic and cultural modernity which centered on transplanting modern value rationality and constructing modern literature and scholarship. Since it played an important role in introducing modernity to Chinese humanities, the ideological trend of 1898 can be regarded as the shared headwaters of China＇s three modern ideological trends, namely liberalism, radicalism and conservatism. As the mainstream of Western modernity, liberalism was deliberately introduced and transplanted to China by the pioneers of enlightenment ideas in the reform movement 110 years ago. The cultural conservatism and radicalism scrutinized and criticized Western modernity from two perspectives： from the traditional standpoint of conservatism, they compared the polarization of rich and poor, apathy among people and social alienation internalized in Western modernity with social equality, ethical order and moral idealism in the traditional culture; and from the standpoint of socialism, radicalism and post-modernity, the critics of liberal modernity derived from the Western culture itself also provided their amended proposals. Thus liberalism, conservatism and radicalism in modern China all originated from the ideological trend of 1898.