钟嵘与沈约:齐梁诗学理论的碰撞与展开

Shen Yue and Zhong Rong:Impact and Development of the Poetic Theory in the Qi and Liang Dynasties

钟嵘的文学理论批评,和当时的文坛巨匠沈约有关。史传钟嵘"尝求誉于沈约,约拒之";为报"宿憾",钟嵘撰写《诗品》品五言诗,把沈约放在"中品"。文章解析这段公案,论述钟嵘与沈约的关系。这不仅是一个名公巨卿与位末名卑、长期沉沦下僚者的关系,一个文坛领袖与一个文学评论家的关系,更是两个理论巨人的关系。通过对钟嵘与沈约关系的研究,可以清理中国文学史和批评史发展到齐梁这一历史阶段中出现的观念变化和渗透在观念变化中的个人因素;可以发现感情中的理性和理性中的感情、同中的异和异中的同是如何胶着纠缠在一起,并且共同推动文学和文学批评发展前进的。

Zhong Rong＇ s criticisms of literary theory were related to Shen Yue, a literary giant of that period. According to a historical story, Zhong Rong ＂attempted to seek fame from Shen Yue, who rejected him. ＂ In order to release his long - harboured resentment, Zhong Rong wrote up Comments on Poems in which he judged poems with each line made up of five Chinese characters and placed Shen Yue＇ s poems in the middle rank. This paper explains and analyses this much discussed issue. Also, it discusses the relationship between Zhong Rong and Shen Yue. Their relationship was not only the relationship between a well - known high - ranking official and a little known insignificant official and one between a literary giant and a young literary critic, but also one between the two theoretical giants. By making a study of the relationship between Zhong Rong and Shen Yue, we can straighten or sort out changes of views that appeared when the development of Chinese literature history and of the history of literary criticism reached the historical stage of the Qi and Liang dynasties, as well as the personal factors that permeated those changes of viewpoints ; we can discover how the reason in sentiments and the feelings in the rational, as well as the dissimilarities in the similarities and the similarities in the dissimilarities were tied up or bound up and intertwined together, and how their interaction and interplay promoted and pushed ahead the history of Chinese literature and that of literary criticism.