超越官僚制:新公共治理的原则与架构

Surpassing Bureaucracy: The Principle of Framework of New Public Governance

自20世纪30年代以来以韦伯的官僚制理论为代表的古典公共行政理论遭遇来自不同学术领域的批评,古典行政思想面临巨大的危机,新的公共行政理论正在酝酿并试图成为新的公共行政思想的主体。这些新的公共行政理论包括奥斯特罗姆夫妇的多中心体制公共治理理论、盖伊.彼德斯的未来政府的四种模式、简.莱恩的新公共管理理论、登哈特夫妇的新公共服务理论等等。因其不同程度地表示了摒弃或者超越官僚制的理论倾向,都可以称之为后官僚制理论,或者后官僚制时代的治理理论。后官僚制时代的公共治理体现了服务、竞争与契约主义原则和多中心制的架构。

Since the 30＇s of the 20^th century, the classical theories of public administration represented by Webster＇s bureaucratic theories have met with criticisms from different academic fields. Classical theories of public administration are facing big crisis and new theories are in the process of brewing and becoming the principal part of the new public administrative thinking. These new theories include the Ostroms＇ multi-centred public governance theories, the four modes of Guy Peter＇s future government, Jan-Erik Lane＇s new public management theories and Denhardts＇ new public service theories etc. All these theories express to different degrees the tendency of abandoning or surpassing bureaucracy and can be labelled as post-bureaucratic theories or the governing theories of the post-bureaucratic period. The public governance of the post-bureaucratic period embodies the principle of service, competition, principle of contract and multi-centred framework.