闽江流域生态服务功能的遥感监测研究

RS-Based Monitoring of the Ecosystem Service Functions of Minjiang Watershed

以闽江流域为研究区域,采用Costanza等人对全球生态系统服务价值的测算方法,结合遥感技术,提取闽江流域各个县市的水域、林地、草地、耕地和其他用地的专题信息,实现闽江流域生态服务功能价值以及流域内生态公益林生态服务价值的估算.研究结果表明:1986-2003年,闽江流域生态服务功能的价值发生很大变化,体现了人为干扰对生态系统的影响.2003年闽江流域生态服务功能价值较1986年增加3.147×1018元,林地贡献最大;生态公益林生态服务功能价值的增长量为4.137×1018元,占总增长量的37.093%.闽江流域生态服务功能价值增长率可划分为较低、一般、较高、高四个等级,对增长率处于10%以下的15个县市,应更加注意在经济发展的同时,加强对植被资源的保护.闽江流域生态公益林各生态服务功能价值增长趋于均衡化.1986年生态公益林生态服务功能的价值为3.570×1018元,2003年为4.737×1018元,净增1.167×1018元,年均增加6.867×1016元.各县市生态公益林生态服务功能增长率除沙县和三明为负外,其他县市均为正,福州和长乐更是保持100%以上的增长率,这受益于政府相关保护和鼓励政策.

The values of the ecosystem service functions of Minjiang Watershed and the non-commercial ecologieal forests there are estimated with the method proposed by Contanza in combination with RS technology, based on the relevant information of waters, forest land, grassland, cultivated land and the other types of land of the counties within the watershed. Great changes in the value of the ecosystem serviee functions in Minjiang Watershed appear to have occurred from 1986 to 2003, which indicates the influence of human interruption on the ecosystem. Compared with the figures in 1986, the value has increased by 3. 147 × 10^18 yuan （RMB） in 2003 mainly due to the forest land. The value of the ecological forests has increased by 4. 137×10^18 yuan （RMB）, accounting for 37. 093% of the total increase rate. The value of the ecological service functions of Minjiang Watershed is classified into 4 grades： lower grade, general grade, higher grade and highest grade. It is very important for the 15 counties whose rates of increase are below 10% to strengthen the protection to vegetation resources in developing their local economy. The increase of the value of the ecosystem functions of the ecological forests in Minjiang Watershed is becoming stable. This value in 1986 is 3. 570×10^18 yuan （RMB）, while it is 4. 737× 10^18 yuan （RMB） in 2003, which is 1. 167 × 10^18 more than the former and has an annual increased value of 6. 867 × 10^16 yuan （RMB）. With the exception of Shaxian and Sanming all the other counties in the study area show a positive increase. The counties of Fuzhou and Changle have consistently maintained an increase rate greater than 100%, which is profited by the policies of protection and encouragement taken by the governments.