古罗马的共和政体及其制衡机制

On Ancient Rome's Republic and Government Systems and Its Balance Mechanism

共和政体是罗马共和国实行的一种独特的国家形式,它对罗马共和国的崛起起到了异常重要的作用。罗马的共和政体主要由三部分组成:元老院、公民大会及行政长官系统。罗马的共和政体较早地体现了权力之间的分工合作和相互制衡原则。它的相互制衡不仅体现在元老院、公民大会和行政长官这三大政治组织之间横向的制衡上,而且还体现在权力体系的纵向关系,即平民与享有特权的贵族阶层之间的相互制衡上。

The republic and government system is a unique state form of the Roman Republic, which played an extremely important role in the rise of the Roman Republic. The Roman republic and government system was composed of three parts, senior senate, citizen conference and administrative official system, which embodied the division and cooperation of powers and mutual balance principle. Its balance not only reflected among the three political organizations of senior senate, citizen conference and administrative official system but also the vertical and horizontal relationships of powers, namely the restriction.between ordinary people and aristocrats.