珠江三角洲7地市11760名成年人体质状态调查

Constitutional status investigation of 11760 adults in seven cities of Pearl River Delta area

目的:调查分析珠江三角洲地区2004/2005成年人体质基本状况。方法:随机抽测珠江三角洲地区7个地市的成年男女11760人,年龄20～59岁。每个城市样本量为1680人,包括农民、城市体力劳动者和城市非体力劳动者3种人群。以每5岁为一年龄组,每一年龄组各监测35人。基本状况评估包括以下指标:身高、体质量和体质量指数、皮褶厚度和腰臀比、血压、脉搏、肺活量、年龄特征、性别差异、城乡差异、肌肉力量、柔韧性、速度灵敏性、反应能力、平衡能力及成年男女体育锻炼的基本情况。结果:①45岁前,男性体质量指数值大于女性,体质量指数值依次为城市非体力劳动者>城市体力劳动者>农民。②同部位女性皮褶均厚于男性。男性农民同部位皮褶厚度最薄,城市非体力劳动者皮褶厚度最大。③男性的收缩压、舒张压和肺活量均高于同年龄段女性。城市男女的肺活量均好于农村。④男性握力在35～39岁,背力在30～34岁达到最高值;女性握力在40～44岁达到最高值,女性背力在所测试的年龄段随年龄的增长而增加。⑤女性农民柔韧性在40～59岁时明显好于城市女性。⑥成年人在反映速度、灵敏、平衡能力等身体素质的峰值出现在20～24岁年龄段,40岁以后各项身体素质均随年龄增大而呈下降趋势。⑦城市参加体育锻炼人数与农村人数之比是4∶1。结论:珠江三角洲地区成年人随年龄增长,心肺功能逐步降低,体能呈下降趋势。主要表现在随年龄增长血压增高、肺活量降低。无论城乡、男女各项体能指标均表现相同的年龄变化趋势。

OBJECTIVE： To investigate and analyz,e the basic constitutional status of adults in Pearl River Delta between 2004 and 2005. METHODS： A total of 11 760 adults of both gender, aged 20-59 years, was selected randomly from 7 cities in Pearl River Delta, with 1 680 ones from each city, including peasants, urban manual workers and urban non-manual workers. Basic constitutional status evaluation was taken to 35 five subjects in each 5-year age group regarding to the following indexes： body height, body weight and body mass index, skinfold thickness and waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, pulse, vital capacity, age characteristics, gender difference, urban-rural difference, muscle strength, flexibility, speed and agility, reaction ability, balance ability as well as physical training situation of adult males and females. RESULTS： ①The body mass index was higher in males than in females before the age of 45 years, and it followed by ascending was peasants, urban manual workers and urban non-manual workers. ② As for the skinfold of correspondent parts, females had thicker one than males, the male peasants had the thinnest and the urban non-manual workers the thickest. ③ Systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and vital capacity were all higher in males than in females of the same ages. The vital capacities of both females and males were higher in cities than in countries. ④ Male had got the peak hand-grip strength and back strength at 35-39 years old and 30-34 years old respectively. However, females had got the peak hand-grip strength at 40-44 years old and the back strength of them increased with the increasing tested age. ⑤ Female peasants had better flexibility than urban females during the age of 40-59 years. ⑥ Physical quality indexes of adults such as agility degree, reaction speed, balance ability reached a peak at 20-24 years old, and decreased with the increasing age since 40 years old. ⑦ The ratio of physical training populations between city and county was 4：1. CONCLUSION： In Pearl River Delta area, both cardiorespiratory function and physical ability of adults decrease with the increasing age, which is presented with the increasing blood pressure and the decreasing vital capacity corresponding to the increasing age. In addition, neither gender difference or urban-rural difference results in any difference in the directions of age-related changes of all physical ability indexes.