尿道狭窄的原因:损伤还是其他?(英文)

What are causes of urethral stricture Injury or others?

先天性尿道狭窄主要发生在青少年的前尿道。血尿是其最主要的症状。获得性尿道狭窄主要在以下几个方面:医源性:多发生于经尿道前列腺电切术、膀胱镜操作、长时间留置尿管、尿道下裂术后及前列腺切除术后等;感染性尿道狭窄包括医院手术后细菌尿引起的尿道狭窄和尖锐湿疣引起的病毒性尿道狭窄;炎症性尿道狭窄主要是硬化性结节病的慢性进展性炎症过程;前尿道的钝性损伤多是会阴部骑跨伤,后尿道损伤多伴有骨盆骨折,枪弹的穿透伤可全尿道损伤。儿童和女性的尿道损伤和狭窄罕见。文章主要对先天性和获得性尿道狭窄的原因进行探讨分析。

The congenital stricture （idiopathic urethral stricture） mostly lies in the anterior urethra and mainly occurs in boys. Hemangioma is the most common symptom of the idiopathic urethral stricture. Acquired strictures are due to four main causes. latrogenic urethral stricture is mainly caused by performing the transurethral resection, prostate, cystoscopy, prolonged catheterization, hypospadias repair and prostatectomy and so on. Bacteriuria is especially nosocomial with post operative infection in urethral strictures. Virus such as condylomata is another cause. Lichen sclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition of unknown cause and has the development of urethral strictures. Blunt anterior urethral injury is commonly associated with perineal straddle injury, while posterior urethral injury is accompanied pelvic fracture, penetrating injuries predominantly comes from gunshots involve both anterior and posterior urethra. Urethral injuries in children and females are rare. Here, we mainly investigated the causes of idiopathic and acquired urethral stricture.