中国水稻热害研究历史、进展与展望

Research on Heat Stress of Rice in China:Progress and Prospect

水稻热害的研究正引起世界范围内的高度关注。近50年中国长江流域共发生重大水稻热害事件6次。最近一次发生在2003年,保守估计全流域受害面积达3×107 hm2,损失稻谷达5.18×107 t。长江流域水稻热害的严重发生,主要与其特殊的气候环境有关,也与大面积推广的部分杂交稻品种对高温较敏感有关。2003年以后,长江流域水稻热害渐成为中国农业研究的一个热点,目前主要研究集中在热害形成的田间小气候环境、持续高温天气的形成机制与预测、水稻抗性材料和品种的鉴定方法、水稻抗性性状的确认、基因定位与利用和水稻高温反应机理等方面。

Heat stress in rice has been becoming a highlight topic in agriculture research all over the world. There have been six times of severe heat damages happened to the mid-season rice in Yangtze River Valley （YRV）, China during the past 50 years, with the latest one occurred in 2003. It was estimated that the involved acreage of rice in 2003 was about 3 million ha, with a loss of about 5.18 million rice grain yields. The serious heat stress situation in YRV might be closely correlated with the characteristic climatic environment of this area, as well as some hybrid rice cuhivars commercialized here which showed likely more susceptible to heat stress. From 2003 on, heat stress of rice in YRV has gradually become a highlight issue in Chinese crop science. The current researches focus on （1） identifying on-farm micro-meteorological factors with heat stress; （2） the meteorological pattern for heat stress weather formation and its forecasting; （3） facilities and methods for germplasms and cuhivars screening; （4） breeding-related researches; （5） cellular and biochemical processes underlining heat stress injury.