遮光对花生产量、成熟饱满度及品质的影响

Effects of Shading on Yield,Plumpness and Quality of Peanut

通过苗期、结荚期和饱果期遮光试验（分别遮光0%、27%、43%和77%）,研究遮光对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,遮光均造成减产,苗期遮光27%和43%处理减产较小差异不显著;结荚期和饱果期遮光减产严重差异显著,减产原因是降低了单株结果数和成熟饱满度。苗期遮光对产品质量影响较小,结荚期和饱果期遮光影响较大,出口果和仁出成率均降低,子仁含油量分别降低0.4%-2.0%、0.6%-3.2%、1.6%-6.0%,蛋白质和可溶性糖含量小幅增高。典型样品含油量比随机样品分别高0.7%-2.6%、0.7%-3.4%、0.7%-4.9%。营养含量和成熟饱满度相关极显著,说明通过栽培措施提高成熟饱满度的途径改善花生产品质量有很大潜力。苗期遮光对产量和品质影响较小,说明麦套花生是扩大花生发展的可行途径。

The effect of shading on yield and quality of peanut was studied through a shading experiment of four levels（0% shading,27% shading,43%shading and 77% shading） at three phases（seedling phase,pod-setting phase and pod-maturing phase）.Results： Yield reduction occurs in all the treatments.There is little reduction in 27% and 43% shading at seedling phase,while the maximal yield reduction occurs in shading at pod-setting phase.Reasons for the yield reduction are the decrease of pod number per plant and pod plumpness.Shading at seedling phase has little influence on quality,while shading at the other two phases has great influence on quality as the following description.The export pod yield rate and kernel yield rate all decrease.The decrease range of oil content is 0.4～2.0,0.6～3.2 and 1.6～6.0 percentage point at the three phases respectively,while protein and total soluble sugar contents increase by a small margin.The oil content of typical samples is higher than random samples at the three phases by 0.7～2.6,0.7～3.4 and 0.7～4.9 percentage point,respectively.There is significant correlation between nutrition content and plumpness.So it is very potential to improve the quality of peanut production by way of increasing plumpness with cultivation measures.The little influence of seedling shading indicates that intercropping peanut with wheat is a feasible way for expanding peanut production.