武汉湿地水鸟多样性特征及其与几种生境因子的关系

Features of water bird diversity and the relationships with habitat factors in Wuhan wetlands

2007年～2009年对武汉4个代表性湖泊—月湖、东湖、金银湖和沉湖越冬期和迁徙期水鸟进行了调查,共记录水鸟60种,隶属于8目15科.其中国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类7种,列入《中国濒危动物红皮书·鸟类》5种,省级保护鸟类19种.沉湖的水鸟多样性明显高于月湖和东湖落雁区,略高于金银湖.比较分析了4块湿地生境因子的差异及其与水鸟多样性之间的关系,结果表明水鸟多样性与湿地微生境多样性呈显著正相关,与人为干扰呈负相关;东湖落雁区的富营养化评价指数明显低于其他3湖,沉湖由于高密度无序养殖,水质恶化,富营养化程度已与月湖和金银湖无明显差异,应引起高度重视与保护.

During the investigation on water birds at Lake Yuehu, Lake Donghu, Lake Jinyinhu and Lake Chenhu Nature Reserve form 2007 to 2009, 60 birds species of 15 families, 8 orders were recorded, in which there were 7 species listed on RankⅠ and ⅡNational Protected Wildlife, 5 species listed on China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals and 19 species protected provincially. The water bird diversity of Lake Chenhu is much higher than those of the other three lakes. The differences of habitat factors in four lakes and the relationships between water bird diversity and habitat factors were analyzed. The results showed that the water bird diversity was correlated positively with the habitat diversity, negatively with the human disturbance. The eutrophication index of Lake Donghu （Luoyan Sight） was significantly lower those that of the other three lakes, and there were no significant differences among the eutrophication indices of Lake Chenhu, Lake Yuehu and Lake Jinyinhu. The water quality of Lake Chenhu turned out worse because of high density and orderless aquaculture, which needed high attention and protection.