基于RS/GIS的湖北省湿地近20年来变迁研究

Research on the changes of wetlands in Hubei province over the past 20 years by RS/GIS

以20世纪80年代、90年代、2005年前后的遥感影像为主要依据,运用GIS/RS技术与景观生态学研究方法分析了湖北省湿地近20多年来的时空变化规律.结果表明,20世纪80年代、90年代、2005年前后全省湿地总面积为16 104.18km^2(不含水田)、36892.62km^2(含水田)、36308.04km^2(含水田).近20多年来,湖泊湿地和水田、滩地、沼泽地的面积在减少,河流湿地、库塘湿地面积有所增加.20世纪80年代中期,湖北省湿地资源的多样性指数H最大,优势度指数D最小,均匀度指数E最大.到21世纪初,多样性指数H又增加,优势度指数D又减少,均匀度指数E增加,说明湖北省湿地资源的类型逐渐趋于多样化.总的来说,近20年中,滩地和沼泽地是向着分散的方向发展的,湖泊是向着聚集的方向发展的.

On the main basis of remote sensing images over the 1980s, 1990s and the year of 2005, this paper analyses the spatial-temporal pattern of wetlands in Hubei Province during the past 20 more years, by using the technology of GIS/RS and the research method of landscape ecology. The results show that the total area of wetlands of the whole province over the 1980s, 1990s and the year of 2005 are 16104. 18 km2, 36 892.62 km2 , 36 308.04 km2 respectively, with paddy field excluded in the 1980s. In the past 20 more years, the areas of lake wetlands and paddy fields, beach lands and marshlands have been decreasing while the areas of river wetlands, pond wetlands have been increased slightly. In the mid-period of the 1980s, to the wetland resources in Hubei Province, its Diversity Index （H） and Evenness Index （E） were all the highest, Dominance Index （D） was the lowest. Till the early of the 21st century, its Diversity Index （H） and Evenness Index （E） increased and Dominance Index D decreased all the time, which shows that the type of the wetland resources in Hubei Province became diversification gradually. Genially speaking, during the passed 20 more years, beach lands and marshlands changed towards the direction of decentralization, but the lake towards the direction of aggregation.