“文化自觉”与章太炎重建“国学”政治正当性

"Cultural Consciousness" and Zhang Taiyan Reconstruction "Guoxue" Political Legitimacy

在复兴国学的运动中,章太炎追思"国学"及其承载的历史。这种带有民族主义色彩的"文化自觉"不仅是文化主体将其"自身"作为文化主题而主体化的心智洗礼和心性历练过程,更是其自身文明的自我觉醒和自我保卫以及自我启蒙。他的目的在于重建国人对现代中国认同所必需的稳定而持久的价值体系、社会制度和行为规范。因此,它在政治上主张:相应文化主体必须公开运用自己的理性在法治和政治等关涉人间秩序的一切事务上,形成符合本文化主体的文化传统的道德审美和价值观的意念、态度和情绪。它决定了近代中国政治实践的外在表现形式、话语诉求,亦是重建"国学"的政治正当性。

Zhang Taiyan was the outstanding one among many intellectuals who insisted on reviewing ＂sinology＂ and its recorded history during the course of reviving ＂sinology＂.This ＂culture consciousness＂ with somewhat nationalism was not only the activation of the cultural subject who took the ＂self＂ as culture theme,but also the self-awaking,self-defense and self-enlightenment of its culture.He aimed at reconstructing stable and lasting values,social system and behavioral norms necessary for people＇s identity to modern China.Therefore,he advocated in politics that the relevant culture subject must publicly use its own reason to form the ideas,attitudes and moods fit for the ethnical aesthetics and values of the cultural traditions of the culture subject on all affairs of human orders like rule of law and politics.The identity to the modern nation and the construction of the social power system are the key point.The special historical image did not only reflect the special cultural phenomenon of new and old knowledge coexisting during the course of social changes of modern China,but also could explain that how the Chinese modern intellectuals,like Zhang Taiyan,to construct the nation identity from ＂the rice revolution against the foreigner power＂.It determined the external form,the appeal and deep dilemma of modern China＇s political practice.