英语、俄语和汉语给予类双及物动词的语法表现

Grammatical representations of give-type ditransitive verbs in English,Russian and Chinese

对英、俄、汉三种语言有关给予类双及物动词的语料分析支持关于该类动词"对动词类型敏感"的观点。这种观点认为,动词类型与事件结构类型之间的联系在不同语言中是一样的,而事件结构实现的形态-句法手段可以因语言而异。在不同的语言中,give类动词只用于致使拥有的事件结构,throw类动词则可用于致使运动和致使拥有两种事件结构。在特定语言中,一种事件结构用什么语法手段表达牵涉到不同的因素,如具体语言可用的语法手段的差异、信息结构等。

Data of give-type (vs.deprive-type) ditransitive verbs from English,Russian and Chinese support the verb-sensitive approach to such verbs,which holds that the relations between verb types and event structure types are the same across languages and the morphosyntactic realizations of event types may vary across languages.In different languages,give-type verbs are only used in the caused-possession event structure,throw-type verbs can be used in both caused-motion and caused-possession event structures.What grammatical means realize what event structures in a given language depends on various factors,such as different grammatical means offered by this language,information structure and even rhetorical effects.