四川邛海湖湿地水生维管植物的现状调查

The Current Status of Aquatic Vascular Plant in the Wetland around Qionghai Lake

本研究对邛海湖湿地水生维管植物种类及分布状况进行了调查。结果表明,邛海湖湿地现有水生维管束植物77种,隶属于25科50属。其中,蕨类植物5种,隶属2科3属;被子植物72种,隶属23科47属。从植物生态类型和生活型方面来划分,邛海水生维管束植物可分为湖区水生维管植物、河口滩涂植物和湿生植物三种类型。它们主要分布在湖泊的北面、西面和南面。区系分析结果表明,邛海水生维管束植物共有7种分布类型,其中以世界性分布型植物种最多。邛海湿地自然着生的水生植物群落破坏严重,挺水植物以上群落基本消失,浮水植物和沉水植物分布区锐减,分布深度退缩,分布密度减小。针对邛海湿地水生维管束植物存在问题,笔者提出了相应的解决方法和建议。该研究为邛海湿地的恢复和重建提供了理论依据。

In this research, we surveyed the species and distribution status of aquatic vascular plant in the wetland around Qionghai lake. The results demonstrated that there were 77 species in total which might be assigned to 50 genera in 25 families. Among the total, 5 species were pteridophyta, belonging to 3 genera in 2 families, and the other 72 species were angiospermae, belonging to 47 genera in 23 families. From the aspect of ecotype and living type, aquatic vascular plant in the wetland around Qionghai lake could be divided into three types, aquatic vascular plant in the lake, tidal plants in the estuary and hygrophytes, mainly distributed on the north, west and south of the lake. Floral analysis demonstrates that there are 7 distribution types, among which cosmopoltitan distributed species was the most. The original aquatic plants in the wetland around Qionghai lake have been severely destroyed. Most of the bio- coenoses above the emergent plant disappears. The distribution area of floating plants and submerged plants decrease sharply, with their distribution depth shrinking and distribution density reduced. Finally, we put forward the corresponding solutions and suggestion to these issues. This research may provide the theoretical basis for the recovery and protection of the wetland around Qionghai lake.