中国地方黄牛的Y染色体遗传多样性及其进化起源

Genetic Diversity of Y Chromosome for Yellow Cattle Landraces in China and its EvolutionaryOrigin

中国黄牛的进化起源与遗传多样性一直是国内外动物遗传学家感兴趣的课题之一。本文主要从Y染色体的形态多样性和Y染色体特异性微卫星标记遗传多态性两个方面对中国地方黄牛的遗传多样性和进化起源进行了综述。中国地方黄牛Y染色体具有中着丝粒、亚中着丝粒和近端着丝粒3种类型,这说明中国地方黄牛起源于普通牛和瘤牛。利用Y染色体特异性微卫星标记对中国地方黄牛Y染色体单倍型分布特征及Y染色体基因流模式的分析表明,北方种群中普通牛单倍型频率最高,瘤牛单倍型在南方种群中占优势;在中国不同地域,瘤牛Y染色体单倍型频率呈现自南而北、自东而西逐渐降低的趋势,这再次证实了中国黄牛主要来源于普通牛和瘤牛,这可能是这两类牛群在长期的历史进化过程中,分别从东南方向和西北方向进入我国,并在中原地区汇合的结果。本文为中国地方黄牛品种资源保护和杂交育种工作提供了参考依据。

The genetic diversity and evolutionary origin of yellow cattle landraces has always been one of the research focuses for animal geneticist both at home and abroad. In this research, we summarize the genetic diversity and evolutionary origin of yellow cattle landraces in China from two aspects of morphology diversity and its specific microsatellite markers of Y chromosomes. There are three types of Y chromosomes for yellow cattle landraces in China, that is, metacentric Y chromosomes, submetacentric Y chromosomes, and acrocentric Y chromosomes, which illustrates the origin of yellow cattle landraces in China from Bos taurus and Bos indicus. The analysis results of the distribution pattern of Y chromosome haplotypes and gene flow pattern by employing Y chromosome specific microsatellite markers demonstrate that the frequency of Bos taurus haplotype is the highest in Northern population, while Bos indicus haplotype is predominant in Southern population. There is a reduced tendency for the frequency ofBos indicus haplotypes in yellow cattle landraces from south to north and east to west in different regions of China, which reconfirm that yellow cattle landraces in China originate from Bos taurus and Bos indicus. This might be the results of these two cattle population came into China from southeast and northwest, respectively, and gathered in central china during the long history of evolution. This review may contribute to the protection and hybridization breeding of yellow cattle landraces in China.