不同水肥条件对大豆产量的影响

Water and Nutrient Interaction on Soybean Yields

以沈阳生态试验站一组持续17年的长期定位试验为平台,研究了不同降水年景作物对施肥的增产反应,估算了下辽河平原地区水肥交互作用对大豆产量的影响。结果表明,该地区大豆蒸散耗水与其生育期内降水之间关系密切,且不同的施肥处理对大豆消耗水分量影响不大;肥料对产量的影响大于水分的影响,钾肥的施用提高了大豆抗旱能力,随着水分条件的改善磷肥增产作用提高,而水分过多会对大豆造成毒害作用。该地区平、丰水年份磷、钾肥交互作用以叠加效应为主,平水年份各处理大豆产量均达到最高,水肥交互作用对大豆增产贡献亦达到最大。

The response of increase of soybean yield to fertilization was investigated based on a long-term experiment in 17 successive years. The effect of water-nutrient interaction on soybean yield was estimated in different precipitation years. The results showed that there was significant correlation between soybean evapotranspiration and the precipitation in the growing period, and the water consumption of soybean was similar under different fertilization treatments. The soybean yield was strongly affected by fertilizer supply. The drought resistance of soybean was enhanced by application of potassium （K） fertilizer. The increment of yield induced by phosphorus （P） fertilizer was improved in moderate water condition. However, excessive water supply might reduce the soybean yield. Accumulation effect of P and K on soybean yield was shown in normal and higher precipitation years. The soybean yield reached the maximum, and the effect of water-nutrient interaction on soybean yield was the most significant with appropriate water supply （normal precipitation）.