论明代中后叶戏曲与白话小说中主人公的“补偿心理”

On Compensation psychology of the Main Character in the Traditional Opera and Vernacular Chinese Novel in the Vernacular Chinese Novels in the Late Ming Dynasty

在明代中后叶戏曲与白话小说中,有一种值得注意的现象:在许多主人公饱尝艰辛或经历了种种不如意之后,作品大都安排了一种"补偿措施":主人公或得到封诰,或老年得子,或突发横财等,而主人公在受到伤害后,亦会想方设法进行补偿,以此达到心理上的平衡。这种"补偿心理"的设计与明代"重情欲"、"重人欲"的思潮有关,表现了明代社会市民阶层的审美心理,也体现出对弱者、善者、有才华者的同情及人文关怀。而其补偿的内涵与人物的名誉、地位等切身利益息息相关,更多地停留在物质的层面上,这反映了社会重物质轻精神、重结果轻过程的特点。这种功利性使人物拘泥于个人现实利益,无法实现精神上的超越。

There＇s phenomenon worth further studying in ＂traditional opera＂ and ＂vernacular Chinese＂ in the late Ming Dynasty. The author arranges some compensations including getting reward from the emperor, having a son in old age, receiving money unanticipated after facing numerous difficulties. These compensation psychology not only shows the appreciation of beauty by ordina- ry people but also reflects the author and the masses＇sympathy for the weak, kind - hearted men and person who has brilliance of mind when they lapse into a predicament. The compensation psychology put emphasis only on the material realm such as fame and social status. It indicates they think highly of material instead of spirit and regard the result as a more important thing thanthe procedure. So they are too realistic to get to the higher status of spirit.