农业经营企业化——破解我国城乡二元结构的重要途径

Enterprise Management in Agriculture

我国二元经济状况的存在主要是由于农村经济太落后,而农村经济落后的根源在于农业小生产经营方式的格局没有被打破,要从根本上打破这种格局,就必须使农业经营由家庭分散经营向企业规模经营转变,实现农业经营企业化。农业经营企业化是针对"农业产业化"与"农业企业化"概念的不合理表述提出的,它是破解我国城乡二元结构的重要途径,是我国农业经营史上的一次伟大而深刻的制度变革。要进行这样一场深刻变革,必然涉及方方面面的问题,如经营规模的扩大问题、组织程度的提高问题、利益联结机制问题等,而这些问题的背后都有着深刻的制度或体制根源,如土地制度、产权制度、分配制度等,所以,要解决这些问题,必须进行一系列的制度变革。

The existence of China＇s dualistic economic situation is mainly attributed to the backwardness of rural economy. While the root of the backward rural economics lies in its failure to break the small - scale agricultural production and management patern that has been continued for thousands of years. In order to break the pattern fundamentally, the agriculture management must be transformed from the scattered family management into the scale enterprise management, so as to achieve enterprise manage- ment in agriculture. The proposal of ＂ enterprise management in agriculture＂ is more reasonable reference than ＂ agriculture in- dustrialization＂ and ＂agricuhural enterprises＂. It is the important way to declassify China＇s urban -rural dual structure and is a great and profound system revolution in the history of Chinese agricultural operation. In order to conduct such a profound revolution, various issues are inevitably involved, such as the expansion of the business scale, improvement of the organization level, benefit - linking mechanism etc. Behind these issues, there is a profound system origin, such as the land system, property right system, distribution system, etc. Therefore, to resolve these problems, a series of system reform must be conducted.