大学生创业环境的结构维度、问题分析及对策研究

Structural Dimensions and Problem Analysis of University Students' Entrepreneurial Environment and Countermeasures

创业环境对大学生创业具有十分重要的影响。在大学生就业形势日益严峻的社会背景下,采取有效措施,为大学生创业营造良好的环境,对促进大学生创业并带动其就业具有十分重要的作用。借鉴国内外相关研究成果,并结合我国实际,可以将大学生创业环境分为政策环境、经济环境、教育和培训环境、融资环境、社会文化环境5个维度。我国当前大学生创业环境中存在的主要问题有:1.缺乏有力的创业扶持政策;2.创业教育和培训体系不健全;3.创业融资面临较大困难;4.缺乏良好的创业文化环境。完善大学生创业环境应采取的对策主要包括:强化扶持政策,为大学生创业提供有力的政策支持;加强高校创业教育,为大学生创业奠定坚实的基础;加快发展中介机构,为大学生创业提供完善的社会服务;培育创业文化,为大学生创业营造良好的社会氛围等。

Entrepreneurial environment has a very important effect on university students＇ entrepreneurship. Under the social background of increasingly serious employment situation of university students, taking effective measures to create a favorable environment for university students＇ entrepreneurship, has a very important role in promoting the entrepreneurship and employment of university students. Based on interview and the relevant research results at home and abroad, this paper divides university students＇ entrepreneurial environment into five dimensions, such as the policy environment, economic environment, education and training environment, financing environment and socio - cultural environment. It also analyzes the main problems existing in the entrepreneurial environment of university students in China and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, including： to intensify supportive policies to provide strong policy support; to strengthen the entrepreneurship education in universities to lay a solid foundation; to accelerate the development of intermediary institutions to provide better social services and to foster entrepreneurial culture to create good social atmosphere and so on.