《礼记》美育思想探析

Analysis of Aesthetic Education Thoughts in The Book of Rites

《礼记》是我国战国至秦汉之际儒家学者解释经书《仪礼》的文章辑录,其广博的内容集中体现了儒家政治、哲学、伦理、教育等思想,是古代儒家文化典籍中的精品。《礼记》的美育思想的表现也是多方面的,深入挖掘《礼记》美育思想遗产,去芜取精,为当代美育实践提供借鉴,推动当前以美育人,培养全面和谐发展的人的教育无疑具有重要意义。一般认为,《礼记》的美育思想主要表现为:一、以伦理美为系统的美育架构。将人伦关系从日常生活泛化到国家的政治治理中,主张在政治统治中充分发挥伦理道德善化民心、防患于未然的作用。二、以和谐美为核心的美育理念。追求人与社会乃至自然天地的和谐,表达了儒家天人合一、顺应自然,按照天地运行的法则行事的传统理念,体现了儒家仁者爱人、以和谐为美的育人理念。三、以礼乐美为手段的美育途径。通过美的礼乐教化万民,引导人们向善,让人们在艺术的审美过程中认同礼义的合理性,使治理国家变得审美化,达到和谐的"大同"。

The Book of Rites is compiled from the articles in explaining the book Yi Li by Confucian scholars during China＇s Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasty. As a fine works in the classics of Confucianism, it is a centralized reflection of Confucian thoughts in politics, philosophy, ethics and education. The aesthetic education thoughts in the book are expressed in various aspects. It is undoubtedly of great significance to probe into the heritage of aesthetic thoughts, so as to provide a reference for contemporary aesthetic practice, to promote the current practice of cultivating comprehensive and harmonious development of people with Aesthetic Education. It is generally believed that the aesthetic thoughts in The Book of Rites are mainly expressed in the following ways： One, the aesthetic education framework with system of ethic beauty. It broadens the human relations from daily life to the governing of the country and advocates to fully use the educational and prevention functions of ethics in ruling people. Two, the aesthetic education idea with core of harmonious beauty. It pursues the harmonious relationship between human beings and the society, even with the nature. It expresses the traditional concept of maintaining harmony between human being and nature and complying with the nature and represents the educational beliefs of Confucius ＂Benevolence Means to Love Others＂ and harmonious beauty. Three, the aesthetic education approach by means of etiquette and music beauty. It educates the populace through beautiful ritual music and guide their people perform good deeds, so that people will recognize the reasonableness of propriety and iustice in the process of aesthetic appreciation, making governance become aesthetic to achieve the ＂Great Harmomy＂.