近空间飞行器的气动复合控制原理及研究进展

PROGRESS IN AERODYNAMICS OF COMBINATION CONTROL FOR VEHICLES AT HIGH SPEED

简单回顾与讨论了在飞行器穿越大气层时,使用气动复合控制方案的必要性与可能性.其中最复杂情况为发动机喷流推力与舵面空气动力共同使用所形成的复合控制.喷流与外流相撞引起的强干扰形成了十分复杂的干扰流场,文中介绍了复杂流动形成的原因、流场结构的特点以及干扰引起的流场改变影响了飞行器性能的预估.基于3种研究途径:理论建模与数值模拟技术、地面试验模拟技术、飞行试验技术的研究,以及它们的发展及互相验证,用来预估飞行器的性能.为了保证地面模拟与真实飞行之间存在相似关系,研究相似准则的作用,及分析目前的模拟能力,涉及到许多空气动力学界至今尚未解决的难题,为了解决这些困难对今后的研究及应用提出了多方面的需求.

A brief review on aerodynamic combination control for aerospace vehicles flight through atmosphere is presented in this paper. The combination control, an important and reasonable solution for flight control and including jet thrust and aerodynamic force and momentum by fins, have been successfully applied to aerospace vehicles. The most complex problems are induced by interaction between jet thrust and fin＇s force, where new complex flowfields are formed due to the jet flow impacting on the upstream incoming flow. In this paper, the formation of complex flows and the flowfield structures are presented, and the effects of interactive flowfield on aerodynamic performances are predicted to facilitate vehicle control system. Related research works have been conducted in three aspects： theoretical modeling and numerical simulations, ground experimental simulations and flight test. In order to study similarity parameters and analyze their applicability to ground experimental results, it is necessary to build similar relations between the ground experiment and the flight condition. However, there are still many challenges involving some difficult unsolved problems in aerodynamics, and thus relevant requirements for overcoming these difficulties are enumerated at the end of this paper.