中国秸秆资源“5F”利用方式的效益对比探析

The Analysis Contrastively on "5F" Utilization of Straw Resource in China

伴随经济全球化的快速发展,生物质资源的可再生利用已成为解决当前世界各国人口、资源、环境之间矛盾的有效手段。中国是世界上秸秆资源最为丰富的国家之一。秸秆的综合利用对于保护森林资源和人类环境,解决中国木材原料供应不足起到了举足轻重的作用。笔者在简述中国秸秆资源在"5F"利用方式(肥料、饲料、燃料、纤维、原料)的现状基础上,结合中国农村农业生产的特点,从生态、经济及社会三大效益方面对"5F"利用方式进行了对比分析,并提出了饲料、肥料及农村生活用能的传统利用方式虽较适宜发展,但其"合理却并非有效(低效)";而秸秆造纸又因污染问题正呈逐年下降趋势;唯有发展秸秆人造板这样的新型环保+效益的工业生态产业,才符合中国国情,不失为明智之举。

Following quick development of global economy, utilization of biomass resources have already become the powerful instrument to solve the contradiction between population, resources and environment. A straw resource is a gigantic resource of agriculture in China. The integrative using of straw has important effect on protecting forestry resources and human environment, solving the shortage of timber supply in China. The paper was analysed contrastively ＂5F＂ utilization from zoology, economy, society benefit three sides ,based on discussing ＂5F＂ utilization actuality of straw resource in China, to combine together characteristic of country farming producing in China. It was put forward that the traditional utilization （such as： straw as Fodder, Fertilizer, Fuel） was rational but uneffieient, although it could be developed aptly; straw as Fiber in paper making showed the trend of descending year after year because of pollution; only straw as Feed Stock in straw-based panel accorded with Chinese situation. So this paper concludes that it is only advisable choice that to develop new ecotypic industry of environment-protecting and benefit straw-based panel Industry.