民族英雄《支格阿龙》神话变体的历史传统与文化变迁

Historical Tradition and Cultural Change in Mythic Variation Editions of Zhigealong

民族英雄是神话史诗与民间故事歌颂传扬的主要对象。彝族《阿鲁举热》、《包头王》是《支格阿龙》的神话变体,从流传形式看,它是依靠口耳相传,形成口头文学;从流传内容看,它以现实题材为口传基础,是社会生活的折射反映;从源流关系看,三个版本均是同一主题承接重组的流变关系。为便于比较研究,本文选择了金沙江南、北两岸凉山、永仁和哀牢山域的三个神话变异的英雄版本,以大凉山神话史诗《勒俄特依.支格阿龙》为主线,以小凉山英雄传奇《阿鲁举热》和哀牢山民间故事《包头王》变体为参照,从中揭示出英雄所处时代背景的历史性、民族性、传奇性、地域性和流变性的五个文化特征。

National hero is the main eulogizing object in mythic epics and folk stories. The Yi people＇ s epic Alujure and Baotou King are the difference two mythic variation editions of Zhigealong in different Yi regions. Three editions come form Liangshan in both sides of Jinshajiang River, Yongren County and Ailaoshan region which nearly have similar frameworks, contents and cultural connotations. In this paper, the authors draw out five cultural characteristics from different editions by the comparative methods. Finally, the authors point out that the important basic rule of folk literature is just its variability.