高速列车结构振动噪声预测与降噪技术研究

Prediction on the Vibration and Noise of High-Speed Train Structure and Research on the Noise Reduction Technology

基于有限元法和边界元法以及声传递向量,运用ANSYS软件和SYSNOISE软件研究高速列车车体的结构模态与室内声腔声学模态,仿真分析高速列车结构—声场耦合系统的低频噪声,并对铺设吸声材料和涂敷阻尼材料的车身部件进行声学贡献分析,为高速列车的减振降噪提供理论依据。对某高速列车拖车的仿真分析结果表明:该车声学测试点的总声压级超出了TB 1809—86标准拖车客室的容许噪声值;在某些计算频率下,车体某些部件涂敷阻尼材料后对客室测试点的声学贡献由小变大,这说明阻尼材料不仅改变了这些部件的振动幅值,同时也改变了振动相位。因此,在采用阻尼材料减振降噪时,应对车体板件进行声学贡献分析,充分考虑阻尼材料对测试点声压级的影响,有针对性地采取措施,降低乘客室内噪声。

Based on finite element method, boundary structural modal, interior acoustic cavity and acoustics ANSYS and SYSNOISE software. The low-frequency element method and acoustic transfer vector, the modal of high-speed train car-body were analyzed by noise in the structure-acoustic field coupling system of high-speed train was simulated and analyzed. The acoustic contribution of the car-body panels was investigated considering sound-absorbing and damping material. Theoretical basis has been provided for the vibration and noise reduction of high-speed train. Analysis results of a high-speed train trailer show that the overall sound pressure level （SPL） at the test points is greater than the permissible value of TB 1809-- 86. When the car body is covered with damping material, some panels acoustic contribution to the SPL at certain test point increases unexpectedly at some calculation frequency, thus it indicates that the damping material not only changes the panels vibration amplitude, but also vibration phase at the same time. Therefore, when damping material is adopted for reducing the vibration and noise, the acoustic contribution of the car-body panels should be analyzed. The influence of the damping material on the SPL of the test points should be fully considered and corresponding measures should be taken to reduce the noise inside high-speed railway passenger car.