哈尔滨市中学生睡眠问题及其相关因素分析

Sleep Disorder and Related Factors Among Middle School Students in Harbin

目的了解哈尔滨市中学生睡眠问题及其影响因素,为改善中学生的睡眠质量提供客观依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取哈尔滨市市区和乡镇共3所中学,对初一、初二、高一、高二各4个班级的学生共1324名进行睡眠问题调查。结果哈尔滨市中学生睡眠问题的总检出率为26.1%,不同年级、不同性别和城乡间中学生睡眠问题的检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);哈尔滨市中学生睡眠时间在8h以下所占的比例为59.5%,睡眠时间不足,且不同性别、年级及城乡间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);中学生发生不同睡眠问题的检出率从高到低依次为出现2种以上睡眠问题、入睡困难、夜间易醒或早醒、早晨起床特别困难、根本无法按时起床、嗜睡、睡眠时间颠倒和其他睡眠问题。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,父母的期望值过高、学习负担、周围环境的噪音、父母敌意不相信的教育方式、与父母的关系等与中学生睡眠问题的发生相关。结论哈尔滨市中学生睡眠问题较为严重,睡眠时间不足。应引起足够的重视,适当减轻学生的学习负担,同时应该指导家长改善教育方式,提高中学生的睡眠质量。

Objective To explore the status of sleep disorder and associated factor among Harbin middle school students and to provide evidences for increasing sleep quality of middle school students.Methods 1 324 students（junior high school and high school）were recruited to take part in the epidemiological survey.Results The prevalence of the sleep disorder was 26.1%.There were no significant differences in grades,gender and urban /rural areas（P〉0.05）.The ratio of Harbin middle school students whose sleep time less than 8 hours was 59.5%.There were significant differences in grades,gender and urban/rural areas（P〈0.01）.The prevalence of sleep disorders ranked from great to small as follows：Suffering two or more sleep problems,difficulty in falling asleep at night,to be easily aroused at night,difficulty on getting up,being unable to get up on time,long sleeper,reversing sleep time and suffering other sleep problems.The multiple factor logistic regression analysis demonstrated that sleep disorders of middle school students were associated with over expectation from parents,study burden,noise of environment,education pattern of parents and relationship with parents.Conclusion The sleep disorder is serious among Harbin middle school students.So it is necessary to pay more attention to and provide some professional guidance to their parents.