北京市海淀区儿童青少年体成分研究

Body Composition Analysis of Children and Adolescents in Haidian District

目的了解北京市海淀区儿童青少年体成分相关指标与肥胖的关系,为中小学生肥胖早期预防与干预提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样法,对北京市海淀区3所中学2所小学1268名儿童青少年进行体成分测量,按照WGOC推荐的中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖分类标准将人群分为正常组、超重组及肥胖组,采用均数比较、Pearson相关分析、t检验、χ2检验等统计学方法。结果在控制了年龄、性别影响后,儿童青少年的脂肪百分比、身体脂肪量、去脂肪体重、基础代谢率、身体总水分与BMI呈高度正相关性,偏相关系数r分别为0.798,0.919,0.740,0.665,0.740(P值均<0.01),电阻抗与BMI呈高度负相关(r=-0.708,P<0.01);体成分相关指标值均为肥胖组>超重组>正常体重组,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。女生身体脂肪量及腹部脂肪均值大于男生,男生蛋白质和肌肉量均值大于女生,男、女生肥胖组与正常组的体成分值差异均有统计学意义。结论不同性别儿童青少年的体成分存在差异。用体成分测量判定儿童肥胖的体脂百分含量可能更具准确性。

Objective To understand relationship between body composition indicators and obesity of children and adolescents from Haidian District in Beijing,and to provide scientific basis for early obesity prevention and intervention for primary and secondary school students.Methods By using stratified cluster sample method,1 268 children and adolescents from 2 primary schools and 3 middle schools of Haidian District in Beijing were selected and taken body composition measurement.In accordance with Chinese children and adolescents overweight,obesity classification standard recommended by WGOC,the subjects were divided into normal group,overweight and obesity group.Compare means,Pearson correlation analysis,t test,Chi-square test and other statistical methods were used to analyze.Results After controlling age,gender effect,the percentage of fat,amount of body fat,lean body mass,basal metabolic rate,total body water were highly positive correlated with BMI among children and adolescents,partial correlation coefficient were 0.798,0.919,0.740,0.665,0.740,respectively.Electrical impedance was highly negative correlated with BMI（r=-0.708,P〈0.01）.Body composition related indicators all showed obesity groupoverweight groupnormal weight group,the difference was significant（P〈0.05）.Average body fat mass and abdominal fat of girls were higher than boys.Average content of protein and muscle of boys were higher than girls.Body composition differences between obese group and normal group of different gender were significant.Conclusion There is difference of body composition between children and adolescents of different genders.Body composition measurement is exact for determining body fat pertentage.