论福克纳小说对经典印第安形象的突破

A Breakthrough in the Classical Image of American Indian in William Faulkner's Novels

19世纪白人文学经典中的印第安形象可大致分为"高贵的野人"和"卑劣的野人"两种,这些形象均是对印第安形象的扭曲,使殖民主义对印第安人民的驱赶、杀戮和压迫合法化。20世纪美国白人作家福克纳在他的约克纳帕塔法世系小说中刻画了身份不同、性格各异的印第安人物。然而,与一些20世纪的美国白人作家不同,福克纳笔下的印第安形象与白人文学经典中的印第安形象有着本质区别。在很大程度上,他突破了"高贵的野人"和"卑劣的野人"两种传统的印第安形象,用他刻画的印第安形象,唤起印第安民族的觉醒。

In the white American classical literature in the 19th century, American Indian were divided into two images： ＂noble savages＂ and ＂despicable savages＂, both of which distorted the real image of American Indian so as to legalize the colonialism under which American Indian were expelled, killed or oppressed. William Faulkner, a white American writer in the 20th century, had depicted American Indian characters in different identities and personalities in his novels about the Yoknapatawpha Pedigree. Different from some other white American writers in the same century, the American Indian image in Faulkner＇s writings is essentially distinct from that in other white American classical literature. To a great extent, he had broken through the two traditional Indian images mentioned above in his novel. His American Indian image awoke American Indian people.