移情还是感应:朱光潜论“有我之境”

Empathy or Resonating:Zhu Guangqian's Opinion About "Ego-involved Realm"

虽然朱光潜曾对立普斯的"移情说"作过一些批评,但他总体上接受了立普斯"移情说"的观念方式,并试图用"移情"来解释王国维的"有我之境"。朱光潜认为,"有我之境"是移情作用参与其中的艺术境界,而"无我之境"则没有移情作用,是诗人于冷静回味中得来的。他还认为移情是艺术思维、原始思维和儿童思维的共同特点。然而,当朱光潜对立普斯、王国维进行批评时,其论证上的脆弱和矛盾却提示了"有我之境"和"无我之境"都只能用感应而不是移情来说明。

Although Professor Zhu Guangqian somewhat criticized Theodor Lipps＇ ＂empathy＂, he accepted Lipps＇ idea about it on the whole. Further, he attempted to interpret Wang Guowei＇ s ＂ego-involved realm＂ through empathy. He thought that the ＂ego-involved realm＂ was nothing but an artistic realm in which empathy participated, while in the ＂ego-absent realm＂ there was no empathy and the realm was simply imagined by poets in their calm recollections. He also believed that empathy was a common trait of artistic thinking, primitive thinking and children＇s thinking. However, the weaknesses and contradictions in Professor Zhu＇s remarks on Lipps and Wang Guowei just revealed that both the ＂ego-involved realm＂ and ＂ego-absent realm＂ can only he interpreted by resonating instead of empathy.