关于国民经济用水投入产出分析指标的讨论

Input-output analysis indices for water utilization in national economy

介绍了运用投入产出法研究国民经济用水的各类指标,讨论了有关评价指标和方法,结果表明:①目前中国学者常用的以水的产出系数表示用水效益的分析方法不尽合理;②可将采用取水系数表示用水效率的分析方法扩展应用到排污特性的分析中,用直接排污系数、完全排污系数和排污乘数反映经济部门用水的环境效应;③综合考虑资源、环境和经济效应,运用AHP法构建国民经济用水综合评价指标。

The input-output analysis was introduced to study various indices for the water utilization in national economy in China. The relevant evaluation indices and methods were discussed. The results indicate: 1) the analytic method widely adopted by Chinese scholars at present,in which the water utilization benefit is expressed by the output coefficient of water,is not completely rational;2) the method in which the water utilization benefit is represented by the water drawing coefficient may be applied to the analysis of characteristics of waste water discharge,and the direct wastewater discharge coefficient,complete waste water discharge coefficient and waste water discharge multiplier should be employed to reflect the environmental effects of water utilization in economy sector;3) the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method can be used to establish the comprehensive evaluation indices for water utilization in national economy based on a full consideration of energy and economic effects.