论中国传统戏曲舞台实践的近代变革

Pre-Modern Reformation of the Stage Practice in Chinese Traditional Theatre

近代戏曲家为了进行启蒙思想宣传,对传统戏曲进行了改良,引起了传统戏曲中唱、白关系和戏曲语言等方面的变化,促成了戏曲舞台实践由虚拟化、程式化向写实化方面的转变。由于近代戏曲家并没有意识到对戏曲进行艺术上革新的重要性与必要性,同时,他们对西方戏剧并不了解,对传统戏曲创作规律与要求也不熟悉,因此导致了大量案头剧的出现,近代戏曲改良在舞台实践方面总体上成就不高。

Pre-modern dramatists reformed the traditional Chinese operas for the purpose of promoting enlightenment thoughts, but their efforts gave rise to such changes as the relation among singing and speaking and the lyrics, which further changed the stage practice from the non-realistic and patternized mode to the realistic. Pre-modern dramatists had not realized the importance and necessity of artistic innovation to the opera, had not been exposed much to the western theatre practice, and had not investigated into the classical opera in terms of rules and requirement in the creative process. Therefore, there emerged a large quantity of closet dramas, which proved that pre-modern theatre reform on the stage practice in general failed to attain significant achievement.